MMR Immunisation protects child from COVID-19,Dr.Dev,M.D.,Pediatrician and Pediatric Pulmonologist,Rajendra Nagar,Ghaziabad,Delhi NCR

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MMR Immunisation protects child from COVID-19,Dr.Dev,M.D.,Pediatrician and Pediatric Pulmonologist,Rajendra Nagar,Ghaziabad,Delhi NCR

Pediatrician and Pediatric Pulmonologist Dr.Dev Kumar Jha,Formerly at AIIMS,New Delhi - 19 Feb, 2022 - Child Health Guides,Common Childhood Disease,Parents’ Guide,Professionals Guide, - 0 Comment

It has been observed that ,children usually suffer from mild to moderate disease due to SARS CoV 2 infection causing COVID 19,in comparision to adults
Mortality due to COVID 19 in children is less in comparision to adults
Children suffering from COVID 19 require less hospitalisation in comparision to adults
The reason for less severity of this disease in children is not clear
In an observational study done in Delhi,India,researchers included 210 children who were immunised for common childhood diseases and were suffering from SARS CoV2 infection as confirmed by Rapid antigen test and RT-PCR test ,considering the incidence of COVID 19 as 2% in children.Data were collected from Distric Immunisation Officer central district New Delhi regarding immunisation and from CDMO Central district New Delhi regarding various stages of severity of disease in children.Children who received 3 doses of Pentavac containing DPT,HiB,HepB,1 dose of BCG,3 doses of Rotavirus ,3 doses of oral polio,2 doses of fractional injectable polio and 1 dose of MR till the age of 1 year were considered compltely immunised.
It has been observed that ,children who received MR/MMR before 1 year of age had less severity of COVID-19 in comparision to children who did not receive MR/MMR.The similar result was not found in mice study.The reason for less severity of COVID 19 in children immunised for MMR is the component of vaccine virus cross react with SARS CoV2 virus.So antibody against Measles and or Rubella produced after immunisation is also protective against COVID-19.BCG vaccinated children also showed less severity of COVID19 in comparision to non BCG Vaccinated children
Other explanation of less severity of COVID 19 in children is that the children have low immunity so do not react strongly to SARS CoV2 virus
It has been concluded that MMR Vaccination provide neutralising antibody against COVID19 causing SARS CoV2
REFERENCES;
1. Salman S, Salem ML. Routine childhood immunization may
protect against COVID-19. Med Hypoth. 2020;140:
109689.
2. Sidiq KR, Sabir DK, Ali SM, et al. Does early childhood
vaccination protect against COVID-19? Front Mol Biosci.
2020;7:1-6.
3. Gomber S, Arora S, Das S, et al. Immune response to second
dose of MMR vaccine in Indian children. Indian J Med Res.
2011;134:302-6.
Indian Pediatrics,Feb 2022

Asthma may be protective against COVID 19,Dr.Dev,M.D.,Pediatrician and Pediatric Pulmonologist,Sahibabad,Ghaziabad,Delhi-NCR

Pediatrician and Pediatric Pulmonologist Dr.Dev Kumar Jha,Formerly at AIIMS,New Delhi - 26 Jun, 2020 - Professionals Guide, - 0 Comment

It is a common perception among doctors and public that, asthma may predispose to severe form of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID 19).

Corona Virus infects primarily the respiratory tract and Asthma is the most common chronic  disease of  respiratory tract worldwide.

The primary symptoms of Asthma are cough and breathlessness ,which are also the symptoms of Corona Virus Disease 2019.

Asthma is an allergic disease of airway in most of the cases in children ,whereas COVID 19 is an infective disease.

Viruses,chiefly Rhinovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV) are the trigger factors for asthma exacerbation.

So,it is presumed that Corona Virus can also trigger asthma and both may cause serious condition.

Since the airway epithelium and leucocytes of persons suffering from asthma have impaired production of antiviral interferons(Interferon alpha,beta,gamma),due either to allergic inflammations or primarily,it was presumed that the innate immunity of these individuals can not check the viral infections from travelling to lower respiratory tract form upper respiratory tract.

Literature search from 8 studies,comprising more than 17ooo individuals form different geographical areas revealed that the prevalance of COVID 19 was low in areas where prevalance of asthma was high .In persons having comorbidities like Diabetes Mallitus and COPD,Corona Virus infection caused severe infections which was not seen in comorbidities like Asthma.

According to a research,it has been found that 2 host molecules are important for severe acute respiratory syndrome corovirus 2(SARS COV 2).Corona Virus uses ACE 2 receptor (angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor) to enter the cell and transmembrane serine protease for priming of S protein  of the virus.

In vitro treatment of epithelial cells with interferons increased the expression of ACE 2 receptor.

The high level of interleukin 13 and T2 cytokines  downregulate the expression of ACE2 in epithelial cells.

Asthmatic individuals have high levels of T2 cytokines and interleukin 13.

Bronchial epithelium of asthmatic individuals have low expression of ACE2 receptor as compared to general population,whereas persons having severe form of COVID 19 show high level of interferon.

Researchers concluded that Asthma may be a protective factor for COVID 19 as asthmatic respiratory epithelium shows low expression of ACE2 receptor.

The study is published in Journal of Allergy and clinical immunology.

REFERENCES:

1.Matsumoto K, Saito H. Does asthma affect morbidity or severity of Covid-19? [published online May 26, 2020]. Editorial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.017

2. Zheng X-y, Xu Y-j, Guan W-j, Lin L-f. Regional, age and respiratory-secretion-specific prevalence of respiratory viruses associated with asthma exacerbation: a literature review. Arch Virol. 2018;163(4):845-853.

3. Edwards MR, Strong K, Cameron A, Walton RP, Jackson DJ, Johnston SL.Viral infections in allergy and immunology: How allergic inflammation influences viral infections and illness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):909-920.

4. Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 patients in Wuhan [published online April 12, 2020]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006.

5. Singer AJ, Morley EJ, Meyers K, et al. Cohort of 4404 persons under investigation for COVID-19 in a NY hospital and predictors of ICU care and ventilation [published online May 11, 2020]. Ann Emerg Med. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.011

6. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2):271-280.e8.

 

 

 

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